Chronic non-communicable diseases and other nutritional conditions in covid-19: potential mechanisms and implications/ DOENCAS CRONICAS NAO TRANSMISSIVEIS E OUTRAS CONDICOES NUTRICIONAIS NA COVID-19: POTENCIAIS MECANISMOS E IMPLICACOES

Resumo

Introduction and objective: This review aims to integrate and discuss studies linking COVID-19 with non-communicable diseases (NCD) and other nutritional conditions, seeking to understand the pathological mechanisms involved. Materials and Methods: From the initial analysis of 409,542 records available in the PubMed Central (PMC) database, published until April 2021, the most relevant records were selected and included in the proposed discussion. Results: Based on the evidence obtained along with the progression and spread of the disease, there is a consensus that people of any age with underlying clinical conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular, respiratory, and kidney diseases are groups at the highest risk for worsening COVID-19, with this risk being progressively higher with advancing age. Other specific conditions such as malnutrition, vitamin, and mineral deficiencies also seem to influence the progression and worsening of the disease. Discussion: These consequences are explained by the fact that the immune system in people with NCD is compromised, in addition to the chronic inflammatory state that characterizes many of these conditions, which added to the metabolic and physiological changes triggered by SARS-CoV-2, make these patients more vulnerable to the development of severe infection. Conclusion: Since NCD and other nutritional conditions are causally related to the quality of food, maintaining healthy lifestyle habits is an essential strategy for health promotion and disease prevention, including viral infections such as that caused by COVID-19. Concomitantly, scientists must understand the role of diet and specific nutritional strategies, seeking to direct effective professional practices in this context. Key words: Obesity. Type 2 diabetes. Cardiovascular disease. Hipertension. Nutrition. Introducao e objetivo: A presente revisao tem como objetivo integrar e discutir estudos que relacionam a COVID-19 com doencas cronicas nao transmissiveis (DCNT) e outras condicoes nutricionais, buscando compreender os mecanismos patologicos envolvidos. Materiais e Metodos: A partir da analise inicial de 409.542 registros disponiveis na base de dados PubMed Central (PMC), publicados ate abril de 2021, os registros mais relevantes foram selecionados e incluidos na discussao proposta. Resultados: Com base nas evidencias obtidas ao longo da progressao e disseminacao da doenca, tem-se consenso que pessoas de qualquer idade com condicoes clinicas subjacentes, como diabetes, doencas cardiovasculares, respiratorias e renal sao grupos com maior potencial de risco para agravamento da COVID-19, sendo esse risco progressivamente maior com o avanco da idade. Outras condicoes especificas como desnutricao, deficiencia de vitaminas e de minerais tambem parecem influenciar na progressao e agravamento da doenca. Discussao: Essas consequencias se explicam pelo fato do sistema imunologico em pessoas com DCNT estar comprometido, alem do estado inflamatorio cronico que caracteriza muitas dessas condicoes, que somada as alteracoes metabolicas e fisiologicas desencadeadas pelo SARS-CoV-2, tornam esses pacientes mais vulneraveis ao desenvolvimento de quadros graves da infeccao. Conclusao: Sendo as DCNT e outras condicoes nutricionais diretamente relacionadas a qualidade da alimentacao, a manutencao de habitos de vida saudaveis e estrategia essencial para promocao da saude e prevencao de doencas, incluindo infeccoes virais como a causada pelo COVID-19. Concomitantemente, e importante que os cientistas busquem compreender cada vez mais o papel da dieta e de estrategias nutricionais especificas, buscando direcionar praticas profissionais efetivas nesse contexto. Palavras-chave: Obesidade. Diabetes tipo 2. Doenca cardiovascular. Hipertensao. Nutricao.